The First Rule, Encrypt

When implementing a card-based system, protect yourself

It used to be that the most important aspect of implementing an electronic access control system was the simple control of who went where when. Today, the requirements of these sophisticated systems go beyond. Indeed, one of the security challenges frequently heard surrounds denying hackers, cyber-punks and associated bad actors from using the access system as a gateway to an organization’s sensitive IT network.

As an RFID access card gets close to its reader, it begins to wirelessly transmit its binary code. If using 125KHz proximity, then the wireless protocol is typically Wiegand, an older technology that can no longer provide the security needed today. In a worst case scenario, hackers could simply lift that fixed Wiegand clear text, retransmit it to the card reader and, from there, physically enter the facility and thereby the network, allowing these characters free rein to target the IT system.

In fact, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has been apprised of so many cyber attacks, and the threat these hacks pose, that it is now holding companies responsible for not implementing good cybersecurity practices. Data encryption is part of good practice and is, indeed, an opportunity for the security industry.

3 Major Elements to Encryption

Authentication. This verifies that someone is who they say they are. Credentials are compared to those on file in a database. When matched, the user is granted access. (“Yes, badge #1234 is in our database. Go ahead.”) Settings are defined by an administrator. For example, in a high security facility, the administrator may demand multifactor authentication, using a card plus PIN.

Integrity. This assures that digital information is uncorrupted and only accessed or modified by those authorized. (“Nobody has messed with this number.”) Data must not be changed in transit or altered by an unauthorized person or program. If data gets corrupted, then redundancies restore the affected data to its original state.

Non-repudiation. This means that users cannot deny the authenticity of their signature on a document or the sending of a message that they originated. (“Nice try but we know that YOU did this.”) A digital signature not only ensures that a message or document has been electronically signed by the person but also ensures that a person cannot later deny they furnished it.

Here is How Encryption Works

Encryption consists of both an algorithm and a key. Once a number is encrypted, the system needs to have a key to decrypt the resultant cyphertext into its original form. There are two varieties of algorithms— private (symmetric) and public (asymmetric).

Private key encryption uses the same key for both encryption and decryption. Be aware—if the key is lost or intercepted, messages may be compromised. Public key infrastructure (PKI) uses two different but mathematically linked keys. One key is private and the other is public.

With PKI, either key can be used for encryption or decryption. When one key is used to encrypt, the other is used to decrypt. The public portion of the key is easily obtained for all users. However, only the receiving party has access to the decryption key allowing messages to be read. Systems may use private encryption to encrypt data transmissions but use public encryption to encrypt and exchange the secret key.

Using one or both these algorithms, access credential communications may be encrypted. Many modern cards support cryptography. Look for terms such as 3DES, AES (which the government uses to protect classified information), TEA and RSA.

Adding Encryption into an Access Control System

If concerned with hacking, consider more secure 13.56 MHz smart cards over 125 KHz proximity cards. Look for the term “Mifare,” a technology from NXP Semiconductors. The newest Mifare standard, DESFire EV1, includes a cryptographic module on the card, adding an additional layer of encryption to the card/reader transaction. DESFire EV1 protection is especially important for customers wanting to use secure multi-application cards for access management, public transportation or closed-loop e-payment.

Another valuable option is Valid ID, an anti-tamper feature for contactless smartcard readers, cards and tags. Embedded, it adds yet an additional layer of authentication and integrity assurance to traditional Mifare smartcards. Valid ID helps verify that sensitive access data programmed to a card or tag is indeed genuine and not counterfeit.

Encrypted Cards and Readers Inhibit Hackers

Whether you need to guard against state sponsored terrorists or the neighborhood teen from hacking the electronic access control systems that you implement, security today starts with encryption. But, that’s just a beginning. To take steps that will further hinder hackers, ask for your manufacturer’s Cybersecurity Vulnerability Checklist.

This article originally appeared in the August 2017 issue of Security Today.

Featured

New Products

  • A8V MIND

    A8V MIND

    Hexagon’s Geosystems presents a portable version of its Accur8vision detection system. A rugged all-in-one solution, the A8V MIND (Mobile Intrusion Detection) is designed to provide flexible protection of critical outdoor infrastructure and objects. Hexagon’s Accur8vision is a volumetric detection system that employs LiDAR technology to safeguard entire areas. Whenever it detects movement in a specified zone, it automatically differentiates a threat from a nonthreat, and immediately notifies security staff if necessary. Person detection is carried out within a radius of 80 meters from this device. Connected remotely via a portable computer device, it enables remote surveillance and does not depend on security staff patrolling the area.

  • PE80 Series

    PE80 Series by SARGENT / ED4000/PED5000 Series by Corbin Russwin

    ASSA ABLOY, a global leader in access solutions, has announced the launch of two next generation exit devices from long-standing leaders in the premium exit device market: the PE80 Series by SARGENT and the PED4000/PED5000 Series by Corbin Russwin. These new exit devices boast industry-first features that are specifically designed to provide enhanced safety, security and convenience, setting new standards for exit solutions. The SARGENT PE80 and Corbin Russwin PED4000/PED5000 Series exit devices are engineered to meet the ever-evolving needs of modern buildings. Featuring the high strength, security and durability that ASSA ABLOY is known for, the new exit devices deliver several innovative, industry-first features in addition to elegant design finishes for every opening.

  • ResponderLink

    ResponderLink

    Shooter Detection Systems (SDS), an Alarm.com company and a global leader in gunshot detection solutions, has introduced ResponderLink, a groundbreaking new 911 notification service for gunshot events. ResponderLink completes the circle from detection to 911 notification to first responder awareness, giving law enforcement enhanced situational intelligence they urgently need to save lives. Integrating SDS’s proven gunshot detection system with Noonlight’s SendPolice platform, ResponderLink is the first solution to automatically deliver real-time gunshot detection data to 911 call centers and first responders. When shots are detected, the 911 dispatching center, also known as the Public Safety Answering Point or PSAP, is contacted based on the gunfire location, enabling faster initiation of life-saving emergency protocols.