Supply Chain Vulnerabilities: Addressing Cybersecurity Risks in Manufacturing Networks

• By Matt Warner
• Aug 05, 2024

Manufacturing networks are complex and interconnected, involving numerous stakeholders from suppliers to customers. This interconnectedness, while beneficial for efficiency, also introduces multiple entry points for cyber threats. As the manufacturing industry continues to embrace digitization, the need to secure networks becomes increasingly important.

Manufacturers recognize the risks they face and understand they need a secure cybersecurity posture to prevent detrimental cyberattacks. Manufacturers looking for additional tips and guidance can benefit from brushing up on key vulnerabilities and proactive strategies, helping to minimize the risk of cyberattacks.

Key Manufacturing Vulnerabilities
Manufacturers face several cybersecurity vulnerabilities due to the increasing integration of digital technologies, including:

• Legacy systems: Older, outdated systems in manufacturing environments often lack security updates and patches, making them easy targets for cyber attacks. These legacy systems, which might include Industrial Control Systems (ICS), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and other operational technologies, were not designed with modern cybersecurity threats in mind. Consequently, they harbor vulnerabilities that attackers can easily exploit. Without regular updates, proper architecture, and patches, these systems remain exposed to known security flaws, which cybercriminals can use to gain unauthorized access, disrupt operations or steal sensitive information.
• Third-party vendors: Third-party supply chain vendors and suppliers often have weaker cybersecurity practices, which can create significant entry points for attackers aiming to breach a manufacturer's network. These third parties may not have the same rigorous security standards, making them easier targets for cybercriminals. Once compromised, attackers can use the vendor's connection to infiltrate the manufacturer's systems. Moreover, third-party vulnerabilities can lead to data breaches involving sensitive information such as product designs, proprietary manufacturing processes and customer data.
• Misconfiguration: Misconfiguration is a significant cybersecurity risk for manufacturers because it can lead to various vulnerabilities and breaches. Employees might unintentionally click on phishing emails, download malware or use weak passwords, granting attackers access to sensitive systems and data. In a manufacturing environment, the complexity and interconnectivity of systems such as ICS and SCADA heighten the impact of misconfiguration. Mistakes can disrupt production lines, compromise product quality and expose proprietary information. Inadequate training and lack of cybersecurity awareness among employees increase the likelihood of errors, making the organization more susceptible to attacks.

Proactive Mitigation Strategies

Educate Employees to Recognize Threats
Timing is crucial when assessing cyber threats in manufacturing, and early detection is the most effective way to prevent ransomware. The longer a breach remains undetected, the more damage attackers can inflict on production lines, supply chains and intellectual property (IP). Fortunately, even lean manufacturing IT teams can implement strong defense measures without a dedicated cybersecurity expert by conducting routine training.

Educate IT teams on common warning signs of attacks including unusual activity on network segments controlling machinery, production lines or Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Unusual network traffic might indicate unauthorized external data access or other malicious activities. Manufacturers might notice unexpected data transfers from SCADA systems or other critical operational technology (OT) components. Ensuring that all staff is educated, not just IT, to identify odd behaviors supports rapid detection of issues across the organization as a whole.

For example, an unusual spike in network traffic late at night when production lines are idle could signal an unauthorized party attempting to transfer data or conduct malicious activities. Other warning signs include unauthorized administrative activities, such as installing programs without approval or user sign-ins from unusual locations or unfamiliar devices.

Recognizing these warning signs is crucial for early detection and prompt response, preventing minor breaches from escalating into major incidents. If a ransomware attack occurs, manufacturers should act quickly and efficiently to mitigate damage and begin recovery.

Ongoing education and immersive training address these vulnerabilities by engaging IT teams in real-world cyber threat scenarios. Comprehensive training, from factory floor to executives, prepares everyone to act as the first line of defense, enhancing detection, response and overall cyber awareness.

One effective approach is to run "tabletop exercises," where teams practice responding to hypothetical scenarios such as a DDoS attack, ransomware or insider threat. These exercises help gauge the effectiveness of the company's incident response plan and identify areas for improvement. Manufacturing leaders and employees should also consider participating in CISA cybersecurity training and exercises to enhance security and resilience.

Adhere to Robust Security Frameworks
A robust cybersecurity framework for manufacturers should encompass a comprehensive set of guidelines, best practices and standards designed to manage and mitigate cybersecurity risks. Manufacturers often possess valuable IP related to product designs, manufacturing processes and proprietary technologies. A robust cybersecurity framework helps safeguard this IP from theft or unauthorized access, preserving competitive advantage.

Manufacturers must adhere to various industry-specific regulations and standards (e.g., ISO 27001, NIST 800-53, SA/IEC 62443) regarding data protection and cybersecurity. Implementing a structured cybersecurity framework helps ensure compliance and avoids potential legal and financial penalties.

In addition, manufacturers may handle sensitive customer information, including personal data and financial details. A comprehensive cybersecurity framework will help protect this data from breaches, maintaining customer trust and reputation.

Manufacturers also rely on a network of suppliers and vendors. A strong cybersecurity framework extends beyond internal systems to include supply chain partners, reducing the risk of supply chain attacks that could compromise production or data integrity.

Incorporate Advanced Real-time Detection and Response Tools
Manufacturers can implement threat monitoring and incident response tools to swiftly detect, contain and mitigate cybersecurity threats. These tools provide real-time visibility into network activities, enabling early threat detection and proactive response before incidents escalate. By investing in these tools, manufacturers bolster resilience against evolving cyber threats, maintain operational continuity and safeguard critical assets and customer trust in an increasingly digital and interconnected business environment.

When evaluating detection and response solutions, manufacturers should prioritize the following capabilities:

• End-to-End Protection: The solution should cover all aspects of cybersecurity, including network, endpoint, cloud and application security, and data protection.
• Scalability: The solution should be able to scale with the growth of the manufacturer’s operations, handling higher data volumes, more devices and expanded operations without performance degradation.
• Continuous Monitoring: The platform should have the ability to monitor network traffic, systems and devices in real-time to detect anomalies and potential threats.
• Threat Intelligence: The platform should also have access to updated threat intelligence to stay ahead of emerging threats.
• Regulatory Compliance: Support for compliance with relevant industry regulations and standards, such as NIST, ISO/IEC 27001 and ISA/IEC 62443, within the solution is essential.

Cyber Threat Resilience Starts Now
The manufacturing industry's shift towards digitization requires a close eye on cybersecurity risks. Key vulnerabilities like outdated systems, third-party vendor weaknesses and misconfiguration underscore the need for proactive defense strategies. Thankfully, manufacturers can follow best practices to fortify against bad actors and secure operations. Manufacturers can update legacy systems, enforce stringent cybersecurity standards across their supply chain and invest in continuous employee training.

Implementing incident response protocols and real-time monitoring tools is a powerful way to swiftly detect threats and mitigate negative impacts. By adopting these measures, manufacturers can bolster their cybersecurity posture, protect critical assets and maintain operational resilience in the face of evolving cyber threats.