Norwegian Study Finds Opening Bars Longer Increases Violence
A new study published in the international journal Addiction demonstrates that even small changes in pub and bar closing hours seem to affect the number of violent incidents. The findings suggest that a one-hour extension of bar closing hours led to an increase of an average of 20 violent cases at night on weekends per 100,000 people per year. This represents an increase in violence of approximately 16 percent.
The results suggest that the effect occurs both ways. In other words, reducing trading hours by one hour leads to a decrease in violence of the same magnitude as the increase in violence seen if closing hours are increased by one hour.
"These findings echo the results from studies from around the world that you see more violence in cities when you extend trading hours," said Professor Ingeborg Rossow, the lead author.
The study is based on data from 18 Norwegian cities that expanded or restricted their closing hours by up to two hours in the decade 2000 to 2010. Researchers examined whether these changes affected violence in the city centre on weekend nights. Violence outside the town during the same time window, which was not likely to be affected by changes in closing hours, was used as a control for other factors.
In these 18 cities weekend closing hours were between one and three at night, early by comparison to many cities around the world.
These findings come more than a year after the Norwegian government proposed reducing sales hours for on-premises trading to reduce violence and public nuisance. The proposal was supported by police commissioners but rejected by alcohol businesses and right wing political parties who claimed that reduced sales hours would not reduce violence.
"These findings hold important implications for communities around the world who are struggling to deal with the massive burden of alcohol-related harm. If you want to reduce alcohol-related harm, restricting trading hours of licensed venues seems to be an effective measure," said co-author Professor Thor Norström.