The Role of Confidential Computing in Protecting Cloud Applications and Sensitive Data from Breaches

Today, encrypting data is popular for protecting private information at rest and in transit, but protecting data in use in an efficient manner has proven difficult. No matter the challenge, organizations handling sensitive data that needs to be secured are tasked with addressing today’s threats targeting the confidentiality and integrity of the data or the application processing it, when in system memory.

Confidential computing is a new approach that delivers security benefits for applications processing sensitive information – including Personally Identifiable Information (PII), financial data and Protected Health Information (PHI). Use cases span public cloud, multi-party computation, data security, mobile devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Point of Sales (PoS) systems, and many more. In fact, the potential use cases where a confidential computing environment provides security and value benefits to the developer or end-user continue to emerge as awareness of the technology increases.

According to the Confidential Computing Consortium: “Confidential computing is the protection of data in use using hardware-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEE). A Trusted Execution Environment is commonly defined as an environment that provides a level of assurance of data integrity, data confidentiality, and code integrity. A hardware-based TEE uses hardware-backed techniques to provide increased security guarantees for the execution of code and protection of data within that environment.”

Because the protected memory regions, or secure enclaves, established by a TEE provide encryption for data in use, they render private data invisible to cloud providers and host operating systems. They increase the level of security for organizations that manage regulated and sensitive data by preventing unauthorized entities any access or modification of data and applications while they are in use.

These unauthorized entities include anyone or thing with physical access to the hardware, including system administrators, the infrastructure owner, service providers, the host operating system and hypervisor, and other applications on the host. Data confidentiality ensures any unauthorized entity cannot access data while it is in use within the TEE. Data integrity prevents unauthorized entities outside the boundary of the TEE from changing data when it is being used. Code integrity refers to the fact that code in the TEE cannot be replaced or modified by unauthorized entities. Contrary to approaches that do not use a hardware-based TEE, these attributes assure organizations that information is kept confidential, and that the computations performed are correct, enabling organizations to fully trust the results of the computations.

With more attacks against storage and network devices foiled by data at rest and in transit security measures, hackers are now turning their attention to and targeting data in use. And with more data moving to the cloud, traditional network and physical perimeter security cannot fully protect organizations from such attacks. Attack patterns against cloud-based code and data in use include insider threats, firmware compromise, and hypervisor and container breakout. 

The protection of data and applications during execution is increasingly important for data stored and processed on edge, mobile, and IoT devices, where processing can occur in remote and often difficult areas to secure. Providers and manufacturers of edge devices must be able to prove that access to personal data is protected, that data cannot be seen by third parties or device vendors during processing and sharing, and that those protections meet regulatory requirements due to the often very sensitive personal data being generated or processed.

In the context of the public cloud, organizations must trust a multitude of elements that form public cloud infrastructures, including the provider’s host operating system, hypervisor, hardware, the firmware for core and peripheral devices, and the cloud provider’s orchestration system itself. While these providers aim to secure all these public cloud layers, confidential computing delivers security guarantees and significantly enhances the security of the applications and data deployed there.

A hardware-based TEE securing data and applications in use makes it significantly more difficult for an unauthorized entity – including one with physical access to the hardware, privileged access to the orchestration system, or root access to the host hypervisor or OS – to attack the protected data and application code. Confidential computing eliminates even the public cloud provider from the Trusted Computing Base (TCB) with attestation of platform hardware ensuring trust in the TEE. This allows those workloads to migrate to the public cloud which previously were restricted due to compliance requirements or security concerns.

For example, an application of confidential computing called private multi-party analytics involves multiple parties possessing private information that needs to be combined and analyzed without exposing the underlying data or machine learning models between parties. This use case can be applied to detecting or developing cures for diseases, preventing financial services fraud, or gaining previously unseen business insights. For example, multiple healthcare organizations can combine data to train a machine learning model to enable more accurate detection of cancers using radiology information. But in this use case, confidential computing ensures the private patient information remains confidential to the dataset owner.

Organizations can now be sure that sensitive information on remote systems is secured against compromise or attack, and this includes protection from insider threats from any partnering organizations. With confidential computing, organizations can also validate the integrity of the code processing that data. By integrating key management services, data can be decrypted in the TEE and kept secure when combined and analyzed, with the computed results being returned to each party in an encrypted format. Throughout the entire process the information remains secure, ensuring its privacy while it is transferred, during computation, and when stored. Confidential computing thereby provides the basis for complete end-to-end protection of confidential data throughout the workload lifecycle.

Confidential computing can help drive data sharing and analytics on a global basis, allowing organizations to leverage datasets previously unable to be used for collaborative exchange and analysis with other organizations. Private multi-party analytics reduces concerns and risks around security issues, loss of privacy and regulatory impacts.

Those responsible for public cloud migration and applications handling sensitive data, including those in regulated industries, should now evaluate confidential computing as a new approach to reducing the risk of a data breach.

Featured

  • Video Surveillance Trends to Watch

    With more organizations adding newer capabilities to their surveillance systems, it’s always important to remember the “basics” of system configuration and deployment, as well as the topline benefits of continually emerging technologies like AI and the cloud. Read Now

  • New Report Reveals Top Trends Transforming Access Controller Technology

    Mercury Security, a provider in access control hardware and open platform solutions, has published its Trends in Access Controllers Report, based on a survey of over 450 security professionals across North America and Europe. The findings highlight the controller’s vital role in a physical access control system (PACS), where the device not only enforces access policies but also connects with readers to verify user credentials—ranging from ID badges to biometrics and mobile identities. With 72% of respondents identifying the controller as a critical or important factor in PACS design, the report underscores how the choice of controller platform has become a strategic decision for today’s security leaders. Read Now

  • Overwhelming Majority of CISOs Anticipate Surge in Cyber Attacks Over the Next Three Years

    An overwhelming 98% of chief information security officers (CISOs) expect a surge in cyber attacks over the next three years as organizations face an increasingly complex and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven digital threat landscape. This is according to new research conducted among 300 CISOs, chief information officers (CIOs), and senior IT professionals by CSC1, the leading provider of enterprise-class domain and domain name system (DNS) security. Read Now

  • ASIS International Introduces New ANSI-Approved Investigations Standard

    • Guard Services
  • Cloud Security Alliance Brings AI-Assisted Auditing to Cloud Computing

    The Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), the world’s leading organization dedicated to defining standards, certifications, and best practices to help ensure a secure cloud computing environment, today introduced an innovative addition to its suite of Security, Trust, Assurance and Risk (STAR) Registry assessments with the launch of Valid-AI-ted, an AI-powered, automated validation system. The new tool provides an automated quality check of assurance information of STAR Level 1 self-assessments using state-of-the-art LLM technology. Read Now

New Products

  • PE80 Series

    PE80 Series by SARGENT / ED4000/PED5000 Series by Corbin Russwin

    ASSA ABLOY, a global leader in access solutions, has announced the launch of two next generation exit devices from long-standing leaders in the premium exit device market: the PE80 Series by SARGENT and the PED4000/PED5000 Series by Corbin Russwin. These new exit devices boast industry-first features that are specifically designed to provide enhanced safety, security and convenience, setting new standards for exit solutions. The SARGENT PE80 and Corbin Russwin PED4000/PED5000 Series exit devices are engineered to meet the ever-evolving needs of modern buildings. Featuring the high strength, security and durability that ASSA ABLOY is known for, the new exit devices deliver several innovative, industry-first features in addition to elegant design finishes for every opening.

  • FEP GameChanger

    FEP GameChanger

    Paige Datacom Solutions Introduces Important and Innovative Cabling Products GameChanger Cable, a proven and patented solution that significantly exceeds the reach of traditional category cable will now have a FEP/FEP construction.

  • Unified VMS

    AxxonSoft introduces version 2.0 of the Axxon One VMS. The new release features integrations with various physical security systems, making Axxon One a unified VMS. Other enhancements include new AI video analytics and intelligent search functions, hardened cybersecurity, usability and performance improvements, and expanded cloud capabilities